Hace poco empecé a escuchar al fallecido cantante argentino Gustavo Cerati, una vez que viví mis primeras 3 décadas de vida en Europa y EEUU. Pero en los últimos 2 meses de cuarentena en Chile estuve escuchando su último álbum, "Fuerza Natural", cuando hago ejercicio en mi terraza todas las mañanas. El ultimo domingo de Pascua por fin me de cuenta que muchas de sus letras sonaban a frases de filosofía francesa u de órdenes/logias masónicas.
Ya había observado antes que en el libreto del CD existían 2 páginas al medio llenas de símbolos y geometría masónicas, como el árbol de la vida, triángulos y triángulos invertidos dentro de círculos, 13 esferas/planetas (el álbum tiene 13 canciones). Pero antes pensaba que eres solo decoración, porque hay muchos de esos símbolos en t-shirts o en cartas/libros de tarot pero sin referencia al significado místico. En el caso de Cerati había realmente una intención de simbología masónica, porque ciertas frases están en todas sus canciones, como Deja Vu, Magia ("geometría de una flor", "universo en mi favor") o Amor sin Rodeos ("desafiamos la ley", "de trampas se hizo la ley" - algunos “iluminados” masónicos seguían como máximas "el deseo es la única ley", "haz tu voluntad, será toda la ley", "amor es la ley, amor bajo voluntad"). El ejemplo más obvio es que la última canción, que está oculta al fin de la canción 13, se llama con el signo de numeral # y esa canción son dos secuencias del 1 al 13, la primera secuencia son números asociados a eventos de evolución personal ("está solo y se entera", "mi cumpleaños", "las lunas en tu año") y la segunda son referencias al universo. Así que el cantante sería un admirador de cierta filosofía masónica o posiblemente quería que el álbum fuese una celebración de algún ritual iniciático o un paso hacía la iluminación.
Y bien la referencia de que el Gustavo Cerati se refería a francmasonería francesa o a la filosofía francesa de libertad en general está en la portada del álbum con una foto de París. Sería más fácil de entender un artista argentino poner en su portada una fotografía del grupo musical o una foto de un concierto, pero seleccionó una fotografía del barrio parisiense La Défense, con un plan urbano que da la sensación arquitectónica de un viaje en el espacio y tiempo, una ventana abierta al mundo y al otro. En la foto portada Cerati debe haber pedido para borrar digitalmente los letreros con nombres corporativos de los edificios y también borró la Torre Eiffel. En la foto digitalizada el Cerati vestido de jinete enmascarado viene de los Campos Elíseos (debería tener la Torre Eiffel detrás de él) y va en la dirección al Arch de la Défense, el símbolo de la fraternidad.
Algunas de estas especulaciones las vi confirmadas en blogs de otros fanáticos, tales como:
la explicación de la portada del álbum en FlacoStereo
las declaraciones de Gustavo Cerati en la prensa en relación a hacer un disco completo y no algo romántico o un mensaje ecológico, una obra que hable del metrónomo de Dios, las fuerzas naturales internas y externas, invisibles y cotidianas
y finalmente hay un largo análisis en el blog de Gustav Dracko, Códice Cerati, con varios textos:
Radiografía de un genio (2016 y 2015)
Animals
Teoría Códice Cerati
Foto de contracapa
Análisis de cada canción en Fuerza Natural, de los números en Numeral, y del barrio Palermo en Buenos Aires.
Showing posts with label Poetry. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Poetry. Show all posts
Sunday, May 10, 2020
Monday, June 10, 2019
Poema para una niña con tres nacionalidades (Chile, Portugal, USA): Día de Portugal

http://www.citador.pt/poemas/
A uma menina no seu aniversário
Bebé, conhecendo a fortuna das tuas manhãs,
se não te entregasse todo o meu esforço,
seria injusto e imerecido.
Tendo feito dos meus trabalhos uma escravatura
e acorrentado sendo teu prisioneiro,
mais daria a alma, o meu sangue, a minha vida.
Tudo o que é meu é agora teu,
uma vez ver-te tem um preço tão elevado,
que se mais pago mais devo.
Bebé, conociendo la fortuna de tus mañanas
se no entregase todo mi esfuerzo y aprecio
sería inferior, injusto, indebido.
Haciendo de mis trabajos una esclavitud
y en cadenas entregándome prisionero,
más daría mi alma, mi sangre, mi vida.
Todo lo mío es ahora tuyo,
una vez verte es tan alto precio,
que siempre más me endeudo.
To a little girl on her birthday
Baby, having experienced the brightness of your mornings,
if I had not given you all my efforts,
it would have been unfair, undeserved.
Having made my labours a slavery
and delivering myself in chains a prisoner,
still I would offer my blood, my soul, my life.
All that is mine is now yours,
for seeing you demands such a high price,
that always higher is my debt.
Saturday, October 13, 2018
Unchained Dream
Last September 21st, the last morning of the South American winter, I woke up from a beautiful dream, my first dream starting with anguish and suffering and later ending on an uplifting mood.
It was very dark, but I saw on the ground some very heavy iron chains. Slowly I could hear the chains move in the dark and thought "poor man, what a suffering". Then I saw the chains move slowly up and down, and with a screech the shackles started to move up and down and from side to side. The moves and the sound of hurried footsteps became so fast, I was no longer certain if the prisoner was a man or perhaps a dog or a horse. I was thinking "poor animal, he won't be freed". Then with a heavy sound the chains fell to the floor and slowly, silently, the morning light started to shine and I saw the chains empty on the floor!
I then woke up, inspired and rejoicing, thinking "The dream freed me! That animal moved like a Harry Houdini!" This will be a year of hard labours and solitude for me, but now I feel very positive about a great outcome. Passion and effort will support me through the difficulties.
It was very dark, but I saw on the ground some very heavy iron chains. Slowly I could hear the chains move in the dark and thought "poor man, what a suffering". Then I saw the chains move slowly up and down, and with a screech the shackles started to move up and down and from side to side. The moves and the sound of hurried footsteps became so fast, I was no longer certain if the prisoner was a man or perhaps a dog or a horse. I was thinking "poor animal, he won't be freed". Then with a heavy sound the chains fell to the floor and slowly, silently, the morning light started to shine and I saw the chains empty on the floor!
I then woke up, inspired and rejoicing, thinking "The dream freed me! That animal moved like a Harry Houdini!" This will be a year of hard labours and solitude for me, but now I feel very positive about a great outcome. Passion and effort will support me through the difficulties.
Monday, October 1, 2018
Florence and the Machine after the hurricane
Last September 17 I was with my spouse and our two year-old daughter buying the latest Florence and the Machine album "High as Hope" in a barnes&noble on the outskirts of Atlanta. I was planning this purchase on my US trip from Chile, since I really enjoy Florence Welch's music and her Ceremonials songs helped me overcome a bout of depression four years ago.
Later I had to leave my family and travel to DC for a work conference and the flight suffered some slight turbulence from the tail of hurricane Florence. Fortunately, DC only suffered from some mild wind and a heavy rain shower, not much else. Then it occurred to me that perhaps they should avoid giving names of people to natural disasters. Perhaps giving some scientific names or numbers would be more appropriate?
Upon returning to Chile I took a picture of my Florence and the Machine albums. My collection is missing the Lungs first album and the book "Useless Magic" which I just ordered. I also include my ticket for her concert in Lollapalooza Chile on the 20th March, 2016. It was a memorable date. My parents in-law arrived that same day for the first time in Chile and my baby daughter was born just two weeks afterwards!
Later I had to leave my family and travel to DC for a work conference and the flight suffered some slight turbulence from the tail of hurricane Florence. Fortunately, DC only suffered from some mild wind and a heavy rain shower, not much else. Then it occurred to me that perhaps they should avoid giving names of people to natural disasters. Perhaps giving some scientific names or numbers would be more appropriate?
Upon returning to Chile I took a picture of my Florence and the Machine albums. My collection is missing the Lungs first album and the book "Useless Magic" which I just ordered. I also include my ticket for her concert in Lollapalooza Chile on the 20th March, 2016. It was a memorable date. My parents in-law arrived that same day for the first time in Chile and my baby daughter was born just two weeks afterwards!
Sunday, January 15, 2017
Pindar and Christina Perri sing of people as a Shadow of a Dream: Sports glory, defeat and loneliness


The Greek bard reminds his listeners that winning is more than mere boasting. Very few are the lucky ones who became wealthy without effort of their own, and for some heroes victory is bittersweet for they return home and may find that a loved one died and will not celebrate their victory. The poet also sings that one’s victory is the defeat of many others, and just like in wrestling the glory raises up some men and crushes others into the ground. For those who fail to win often the aftermath is miserable and their previous supporters, perhaps not even their mothers, give them any comfort or celebration party:
“He who boasts gets tripped, in the fullness of time, by his own violence. (…) At home, though, the hero Adrastus’ fortune will be the opposite. For he alone of the army of Danaoi will have to gather the bones of a son who died. (…) Justice stands beside the sweet-singing victory procession. I pray that the gods may regard your fortunes without envy. For if anyone has noble achievements without long toil, many think he is wise, that his life is well. But that is not ordained to be for men. It is a god who grants fortune; raising up one man and throwing down another. Enter the struggle with due measure. (…) Returning to their mothers, sweet laughter does not rouse delight in them: hidden in alleys, they avoid their enemies, bitten by misfortune.”
Meanwhile the glorious victor celebrates his success, the respect and admiration of everyone is even more important than the material wealth gained. Yet if the winner is wise, his happiness is disturbed by the knowledge that victory is a fleeting moment in the here and now, and often victory will quickly be followed by a defeat, when everyone will forget his past achievements.
“But whoever has as his lot something beautiful in the here and now, in a time of great splendor, such a man soars driven by his aspirations, lifted high in the air by his feats of manliness, thinking of that which is greater than wealth. In a short time the delight of mortals grows, but just as quickly it falls to the ground, shaken by adverse opinion. Creatures of a day are we. What is someone? What is a no one? Man is the dream of a shadow. But whenever the radiance of Zeus comes, a bright light and gentle life pleases him.”
This is probably Pindar’s last work, he would have been an old man by now, and he sees that both successes and misfortunes are transient and ephemeral. Joy is insubstantial, the dream of a shadow. Men is the creature of a day, nothing more than fleeting dream. Only the worship of religion and the gods, “the radiance of Zeus” gives lasting wisdom and guides our lives. Perhaps this is a lesson for athletes and also sports’ fans today – we must find higher meaning in our lives, rather than just watching silly games. Both famous people and the unknown ones will all be forgotten one day. In fact, Pindar’s most famous line “Man is the dream of a shadow” echoes the thoughts of other Greek tragedians such as Aeschyllus (“The race of mortals thinks only for today and is no more to be relied on than the shadow of smoke.”), Sophocles (in his play Philoctetes, the hero Neoptolemus does not realize he fought against a mere phantom, the shadow of smoke) and even of the Bible, in particular the book of wisdom, the Ecclesiastes (“Who knows what is good for mortals while they live the few days of their vain life, which passes by like a shadow?”). St. James said our life is but a vapor.
That is Pindar’s song: one day we are a great success, another day we are a humiliated loser. How many athletes and coaches today can say they shared this feeling before? Everyone. Cristiano Ronaldo must have felt this feeling and he even shared a tragedy mentioned by Pindar for once he won a game with Portugal’s team, only to find out that his father had passed away.
All of us, normal people, non-athletes, surely shared the same feeling many times. How many times did we look in the eyes of our spouses, partners or even our parents, just to find a feeling of deception and disappointment? Christina Perri sings exactly of this in her chilly song “The Lonely”. Perri wrote the song about her relationship with no one, "nobody or with this ghost of somebody": “Crying off my face again. The silent sound of loneliness wants to follow me to bed. I'm the ghost of a girl that I want to be most. I'm the shell of a girl that I used to know well.”
The major losers today are the unloved ones. Our society is particularly obsessed with those who are less beautiful, unloved and lonelier, and that is why we invented the internet, Facebook and many of the social media, so we feel more in-contact and less alone by ourselves. Probably in the ancient world, such as Pindar’s time, this kind of loneliness was not as common, because people stayed in their hometown and close to their families all their lives. Only a few brave ones would move alone to other cities to study for college and find jobs. Today even people as young as freshmen college students will have felt feelings of loneliness, abandonment, lack of love and rejection, all of this at an age as young as 18!
I end with the links to two translations of Pindar’s poem and Christina’s beautiful song:
http://chs.harvard.edu/CHS/article/display/5307
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0162%3Abook%3DP.%3Apoem%3D8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m18idutgCWc
Monday, October 31, 2016
Halloween: My favorite word in Portuguese means Sorrow
One word for the day of the lost, the departed, the abandoned and the grieving.
All languages are special but the saying goes that one’s feelings are always stronger in one’s native language. Language theory says that different cultures add more words to their vocabulary according to the objects and feelings that are more frequently used by the people. As one word becomes too much in use, its meaning is deemed to be too general and people create more specific words to denote more precise meanings and create a more complete communication. Say, for example the word computer originated in the English/American culture which created such objects first, but, as the term became too widespread, new words appeared to differentiate objects with different usages: computers became desktops, laptops, playstations, notebooks, readers, smartphones and smartwatches. Words are also "borrowed" from other cultures with whom we have trade (for example, "boutique" or "rouge" are borrowed from French). Some words come into disuse and disappear or "die" from the vocabulary, remaining perhaps only as archaisms, left to poems, novels, dictionaries and museums.
Well, the same principle applies for the feelings or immaterial ideas that each culture expresses. Cultures where people more often feel nostalgia, happiness, gloom or indecision will create more words to denote more specific emotions. If a culture stops expressing certain emotions or discusses them less often, then the words for such emotions will disappear from daily use.
In Portuguese my favorite word is “mágoa”, which could be translated as “sorrow” or "burden". Portuguese use “mágoa” to denote a feeling of sadness and grief that is often not so extreme (unlike depression or suicidal thoughts), but it is felt permanently and lingers with you for a long time, often for one’s entire life. The loss of a loved one or a bitter painful disappointment early one's life and yet never entirely forgotten could be said to be "mágoa" or a deep wound inside one's heart. "Mágoa" is a feeling of discordant emotions, an inner conflict, it can both be sad and beautiful, as something forever lost and yet even with its pain you wished it here always with you. The word can also be used in a less common way as "resentment" or "feeling deception".
“Mágoa” comes from the Latin “macula” which means “stain” or "flaw" (do not confuse macula with dracula, dracul and vampire lore). However, popular tales also say that the word “mágoa” originates from the combination of the Portuguese words for bad water (“má agua”) and what is bitterer than drinking the devil’s water? That is why I both love the meaning, feeling and sound of this word. What could be more tragically beautiful than a feeling so acutely yours that it lingers a lifetime, it penetrates deeply as an unwashable stain, it bleeds like a wound that never fully scarred, and yet it sounds just like water, the most precious thing of all? "Mágoa" denotes lasting sorrow and yet it resonates as beautiful as water, a symbol of life and hope. The British poet Auden in prison once remarked "Thousands have lived without love, not one without water." I believe many live despite their "mágoas". Some scholars believe that the deep origin of the words "mágoa" and "mácula" comes from the Proto-Italic (smatlo) or from the Proto-Indo-European (smhatlo) and Ancient Greek (σμάω, smáō), which means "wiping, cleansing". Therefore all these burdens and "mágoas" cleanse us from the grief and deceptions we all lived through.
All Latin languages have one or two words from the root “macula” and yet Portuguese has seven! Therefore one could say Portuguese feel seven times the sorrows of other western Europeans. In several countries, however, the word descendants of "macula" do not mean sorrow at all, like in Portuguese. In Spanish and English "macula" means the iris or the oval stain of ink inside the eye. In Portuguese "mácula", besides the anatomical meaning, is most commonly applied to mean sin. See why I absolutely love such a word? If the eyes are the doors to the soul, then they must also be the mirror of our sorrows and sins.
One can see the descendants of the Latin root “macula” in nearly any Romance language and even some other European languages: Asturian (mancha), Catalan (malla, macula), Czech (machule), English (macula, mail, macle, mackle, macule, macchia, maquis), French (maille, macule), Friulian (magle), Galician (mágoa, mancha), Italian (macchia, macula), Occitan (malha), Sicilian (macchia), Slovak (machuľa), Spanish (mancha, macula, mangla), and Venetian (macia).
The Portuguese have seven different kinds of stains either to express abstract feelings or real stains such as those caused by blood or ink: mancha, malha, mágoa, mácula, macla, mangra, maquis. Both Portuguese and English had a tradition of navy and sailing from its medieval and renaissance times. Perhaps their vocabularies drew on words heard in ports all over Europe. Travel opens the windows to the eyes, the ears and the heart! It is interesting to note that several of the Portuguese and English words derived from "macula" had its origin in medieval French and yet those words came into disuse in its original French culture.
What do you think readers? The famous singer, Amália Rodrigues, once sang that Fado was born from the bosom of a sailor on whose lips died a sorrowful song full of wasted desires and nostalgia. Amália also had the feeling that Portuguese women felt burdened with sorrows, seeing their husbands and children leave on sea trips or immigrate to distant countries. Fado may have been at first born in ports and sang by sailor men, but it eventually bloomed in the voices of sorrowful women, with hair and dress as black as ravens, that sang despairingly their heartfelt emotions of abandonment and loneliness. I leave you now to listen to Amália, whose voice means so much more than its words:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YriVM8sC7M
All languages are special but the saying goes that one’s feelings are always stronger in one’s native language. Language theory says that different cultures add more words to their vocabulary according to the objects and feelings that are more frequently used by the people. As one word becomes too much in use, its meaning is deemed to be too general and people create more specific words to denote more precise meanings and create a more complete communication. Say, for example the word computer originated in the English/American culture which created such objects first, but, as the term became too widespread, new words appeared to differentiate objects with different usages: computers became desktops, laptops, playstations, notebooks, readers, smartphones and smartwatches. Words are also "borrowed" from other cultures with whom we have trade (for example, "boutique" or "rouge" are borrowed from French). Some words come into disuse and disappear or "die" from the vocabulary, remaining perhaps only as archaisms, left to poems, novels, dictionaries and museums.
Well, the same principle applies for the feelings or immaterial ideas that each culture expresses. Cultures where people more often feel nostalgia, happiness, gloom or indecision will create more words to denote more specific emotions. If a culture stops expressing certain emotions or discusses them less often, then the words for such emotions will disappear from daily use.
In Portuguese my favorite word is “mágoa”, which could be translated as “sorrow” or "burden". Portuguese use “mágoa” to denote a feeling of sadness and grief that is often not so extreme (unlike depression or suicidal thoughts), but it is felt permanently and lingers with you for a long time, often for one’s entire life. The loss of a loved one or a bitter painful disappointment early one's life and yet never entirely forgotten could be said to be "mágoa" or a deep wound inside one's heart. "Mágoa" is a feeling of discordant emotions, an inner conflict, it can both be sad and beautiful, as something forever lost and yet even with its pain you wished it here always with you. The word can also be used in a less common way as "resentment" or "feeling deception".
“Mágoa” comes from the Latin “macula” which means “stain” or "flaw" (do not confuse macula with dracula, dracul and vampire lore). However, popular tales also say that the word “mágoa” originates from the combination of the Portuguese words for bad water (“má agua”) and what is bitterer than drinking the devil’s water? That is why I both love the meaning, feeling and sound of this word. What could be more tragically beautiful than a feeling so acutely yours that it lingers a lifetime, it penetrates deeply as an unwashable stain, it bleeds like a wound that never fully scarred, and yet it sounds just like water, the most precious thing of all? "Mágoa" denotes lasting sorrow and yet it resonates as beautiful as water, a symbol of life and hope. The British poet Auden in prison once remarked "Thousands have lived without love, not one without water." I believe many live despite their "mágoas". Some scholars believe that the deep origin of the words "mágoa" and "mácula" comes from the Proto-Italic (smatlo) or from the Proto-Indo-European (smhatlo) and Ancient Greek (σμάω, smáō), which means "wiping, cleansing". Therefore all these burdens and "mágoas" cleanse us from the grief and deceptions we all lived through.
All Latin languages have one or two words from the root “macula” and yet Portuguese has seven! Therefore one could say Portuguese feel seven times the sorrows of other western Europeans. In several countries, however, the word descendants of "macula" do not mean sorrow at all, like in Portuguese. In Spanish and English "macula" means the iris or the oval stain of ink inside the eye. In Portuguese "mácula", besides the anatomical meaning, is most commonly applied to mean sin. See why I absolutely love such a word? If the eyes are the doors to the soul, then they must also be the mirror of our sorrows and sins.
One can see the descendants of the Latin root “macula” in nearly any Romance language and even some other European languages: Asturian (mancha), Catalan (malla, macula), Czech (machule), English (macula, mail, macle, mackle, macule, macchia, maquis), French (maille, macule), Friulian (magle), Galician (mágoa, mancha), Italian (macchia, macula), Occitan (malha), Sicilian (macchia), Slovak (machuľa), Spanish (mancha, macula, mangla), and Venetian (macia).
The Portuguese have seven different kinds of stains either to express abstract feelings or real stains such as those caused by blood or ink: mancha, malha, mágoa, mácula, macla, mangra, maquis. Both Portuguese and English had a tradition of navy and sailing from its medieval and renaissance times. Perhaps their vocabularies drew on words heard in ports all over Europe. Travel opens the windows to the eyes, the ears and the heart! It is interesting to note that several of the Portuguese and English words derived from "macula" had its origin in medieval French and yet those words came into disuse in its original French culture.
What do you think readers? The famous singer, Amália Rodrigues, once sang that Fado was born from the bosom of a sailor on whose lips died a sorrowful song full of wasted desires and nostalgia. Amália also had the feeling that Portuguese women felt burdened with sorrows, seeing their husbands and children leave on sea trips or immigrate to distant countries. Fado may have been at first born in ports and sang by sailor men, but it eventually bloomed in the voices of sorrowful women, with hair and dress as black as ravens, that sang despairingly their heartfelt emotions of abandonment and loneliness. I leave you now to listen to Amália, whose voice means so much more than its words:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1YriVM8sC7M
Thursday, September 15, 2016
Evoking a love memory from the Iliad while listening to Lana Del Rey
Lana Del Rey often makes
reference that she studied philosophy and considered becoming a poet, which is
something that reflects on her lyrics from the very first albums. Her song “Off
to the races” quotes a cute line from Vladimir Nabokov’s novel Lolita, “Light
of my life, fire of my loins”. Another song “Body Electric” is an obvious
allusion to the Walt Whitman’s poem.
However, for me the most special poetic moment is how Lana evokes a bit of Homer in her song “Videogames”. I say
evoke instead of quote, since I do not think there is any intention of quoting
the Greek bard. Rather, I would say it is my interpretation and emotional
feeling of those lines that reminds me of a similar theme in the Iliad. Obviously,
Lana has already stated that Videogames is a happy song about living with a
boyfriend that was focused on games.
In my favorite line Lana
sings “They say that the world was built for two, Only worth living if somebody
is loving you”. This line evokes in me a scene when Achilles
watches Patroclus leave for battle. Achilles reminds his friend not to put
himself in danger for he values him above all else: “Once you push the Trojans
from the ships, come back. (…) Make sure you come back here again, once your saving light has reached our ships. Let others keep on fighting”. Achilles then prays that rather everyone else would die if only he and Patroclus would live: “Oh, Father Zeus, Athena, and
Apollo— if only no single Trojan or Achaean could escape death, and just we two
alone were not destroyed, so that by ourselves we could take Troy's sacred
battlements.”
While the words used to express
this feeling are way different from Lana’s, I would say both reflect a
relationship that is felt so strongly that it overcomes everything else! In “Videogames”
the line is just a metaphor for the desire to be special and loved in a way
that the world feels warmer just for you. In the Iliad – which curiously refers
to War Games – Achilles expresses to Patroclus that their bond is stronger than
their ties to other men and
without him he cares little for this world. That is why later on the
death of Patroclus seals Achilles fate, for he knows that joining the war again
will lead him to an early death. The death of Patroclus is Achilles’ death
sentence because it deprived him of the joy of life. Later when Achilles is
weeping over his friend’s dead body, he confesses his friend was dearer to him
than his own father and he rather hoped for his own death than his friend’s
loss: “But now thou liest here mangled, and my heart will have naught of meat
and drink, though they be here at hand, through yearning for thee. Naught more
grievous than this could I suffer, not though I should hear of the death of
mine own father (…) For until now the heart in my breast had hope that I alone
should perish far from horse-pasturing Argos, here in the land of Troy, but
that thou shouldest return to Phthia, that so thou mightest take my child in
thy swift, black ship from Scyrus, and show him all things”.
Recently, a friend quoted
on Facebook the famous line by Star Trek’s character Spock “The Needs of the
many outweigh the needs of the few”. I immediately replied “Not so. Sometimes one can love one thing or one person so
strongly that the whole world matters less. In the Iliad Achilles says that he
would rather wish all the Greeks died if only Patroclus would live. That is how
much he loved him!” And now I ask you my friends/readers, who do you resemble
the most – Spock or Achilles? Lana Del Rey sounds like an Achilles type of
person.
The photo above shows Achilles
mourning the dead Patroclus”, a scene from the front panel of a Roman
sarcophagus that is currently at the museum of Berlin.
Sunday, July 31, 2016
The first ecological writings appear in the Iliad
Recently I was saddened by the
news of a horse who dropped dead from exhaustion in Chile. Yet those news of a
horse reaching the end of his strength reminded me of a beautiful story in the
Iliad of a pair of noble horses who at the limit of their effort cried
abundant tears. Although I am not an ancient scholar, I would say this is the oldest text I know of in defense of animal feelings.
In Iliad’s book 17 Homer sings
how the two immortal horses of Achilles cried for the death of Patroclus, his
corpse covered in dust and blood. The horses detained their race and looked down upon their fallen master, so young and beautiful. Just a few moments before he was full of life and the two animals remembered his fond caresses and love tenderly. Automedon, companion of Patroclus and the
rider of the horse carriage, tries to push the exhausted animals, mixing pleas
and lashes. Yet the horses do not move, unable to raise their eyes from the sad
body of their beautiful young master lain on the ground, immobile just as equine statues over a tomb. They cry
ardent tears from their black eyes, disconsolately shaking their long manes. Zeus
from his heavenly throne looks upon the suffering animals “Unhappy pair, why
did we give you, ageless and immortal, to that mortal king, Peleus? Did we mean
you to sorrow with these wretched men? For what is there more miserable than
man, among all the things that move and breathe on earth?” The 20th
century poet Cavafy in his short poem “The horses of Achilles” follows Homer’s
poem almost line by line and yet he adds a surprising twist! For those horses
were far more sensitive and human than the great Zeus imagined – they cried not just for the gentle Patroclus, but also for all the endless deaths of
war:


These are two beautiful and
entirely original scenes in Homer, ones of which we do not find of a similar
kind in all of Greek mythology. This leads me to believe that doubtless Homer
was an animal rights and environmental activist, the first one in history! The
images show the horses of Achilles mourning for Patroclus, Automedon attempting
to control the horses, and Achilles drowning in the river Xanthus. A friend of
mine also reminded me that the great philosopher Nietzche suffered an emotional
collapse after witnessing a horse being flogged, the first event of a prolonged
sickness that led to his death.
Saturday, April 23, 2016
Why do we have a Facebook and not a Voicebook?

But the truth is that humanity
was unable to preserve voice and sounds for most of its history. We know the
written language of Homer, Sappho and Pindar, and the meaning of their poems,
but no one knows how their language sounded. Some scholars speculate their
language had no accent on the syllables and that it may have sounded like a
flowing rhythm as some French poets speak in modern days. Only in the late 19th
century did Edison invent the sound recording. However, in the late 20th
century it is quite easy for us to make sound recordings or even video
recordings of ourselves, therefore mixing both sound and image as memories.
But how many of us do indeed
preserve sound as a memory? For decades most families collect photo albums as a sort of memory book. High schools and college graduates would
keep books with photographs of their classmates, either as individuals or
together in a group photo. But how many of us preserved sound recordings of our
family? Or of our classmates?
Even more troubling. Why do we
now have on Facebook photo memories of all our friends' special moments, their family, beach
vacations, travels and even dinner events? Why don't we
have sound memories or recordings kept on a sort of Voicebook? Humans
are the only animal that can speak and sing. Many birds, cats and dogs look
beautiful, yet none of them speak. Words and emotions of grief, passion and
empathy, are what makes us special and unique.
Is it because we have
plenty of interest in looking at each other as eye-candy and yet we have
nothing to say? Maybe that explains why we all feel misunderstood
and unheard. Not even a thousand of photos of us at the gym, beach or touristic
spots, will ever make a single word heard! Maybe we should go beyond just looks
and listen more. We have dreams, hopes and pains to speak. I finish my thoughts with one of my favorite poems by Cavafy. It really makes my heart beat, because the poet has forgotten how his loved one looked like, yet the impression of his voice, his words still fills him with memories, meaning and sound.
"December, 1903" (Translated by Edmund Keeley/Philip Sherrard)
And if I cannot speak about my love—
if I do not talk about your hair, your lips, your eyes,
still your face that I keep within my heart,
the sound of your voice that I keep within my mind,
the days of September that rise in my dreams,
give shape and color to my words, my sentences,
whatever theme I touch, whatever thought I utter.
"December, 1903" (Translated by Edmund Keeley/Philip Sherrard)
And if I cannot speak about my love—
if I do not talk about your hair, your lips, your eyes,
still your face that I keep within my heart,
the sound of your voice that I keep within my mind,
the days of September that rise in my dreams,
give shape and color to my words, my sentences,
whatever theme I touch, whatever thought I utter.
Saturday, March 26, 2016
La influencia de Safo en Enrique Bunbury
El cantante español Enrique Bunbury retira
inspiración de diversas fuentes musicales (sonidos latinos, árabes, Elvis
Presley, Pink Floyd) e literarias. Entre las obras literarias que han inspirado
sus canciones están piezas teatrales de Wilde y Antonio Vallejo, la filosofía de
Nietzche, novelas de Kafka, Dickens y Jules Verne, o la poesía de Rimbaud, Baudelaire,
Alberti y Kipling. El cantante-compositor hizo una carrera de música con
contenido e influencias diversas, pero siempre sellada por su forma personal de
sentir.
![]() |
«Enrique Bunbury en concierto en 2012: Carlos Delgado; CC-BY-SA» |
Pero hoy me gustaría señalar una influencia algo desconocida de los inmensos admiradores de Bunbury que es como la influencia de Safo se insinúa de forma tan sutil en la canción El Rescate del álbum El Viaje a Ninguna Parte. No debería, sin embargo, ser sorpresa que Bunbury haya buscado inspiración en la poetisa griega de Lesbos, una vez que los temas gay-lesbianos son parte integral de la carrera del cantante desde su inicio. El propio nombre artístico Bunbury proviene de un personaje de La importancia de llamarse Ernesto de Oscar Wilde, cuyo significado es deliberadamente ambiguo. Muchos lectores y estudiosos de Wilde, incluyendo su amigo Aleister Crowley, creen que el personaje Bunbury representa la vida doble de Oscar Wilde, ocultando un amor homosexual y secreto del escritor.

El Rescate tiene como tema el precio a pagar
por el amor apasionado que uno dedica a alguien que nos desprecia. Es una
canción de extremada vulnerabilidad y el compositor se revela como alguien
desesperado, consciente de que sus esfuerzos son inútiles, pero que paradojalmente
valora más al amor que cualquier bien material del mundo, sea dinero o casas grandiosas.
Abajo presento el refrán de la canción y
en seguida explico cómo Bunbury se inspiró directamente en dos poemas de Safo.
Ni siquiera es una casualidad que en el mismo año del lanzamiento del disco de
Bunbury fue publicada una
traducción completa de los poemas de Safo en español de la autoría de
Aurora Luque y que fue un éxito literario.
“No hay dinero, ni castillos, ni avales, ni
talonarios,
no hay en este mundo, -aunque parezca absurdo-,
ni en planetas por descubrir, lo que aquí te
pido.
Y no te obligo a nada que no quieras.
Las fuerzas me fallan, mis piernas no
responden;
te conocen, pero no llegan a ti.”
Bueno, la enumeración de El Rescate es extraordinariamente similar al poema 16 de Safo, que
habla que ni la riqueza, poder y los ejércitos tan valorados
por los hombres, ni ninguna cosa sobre la tierra, nada de eso vale nada
relativamente a la persona de la cual se está enamorada. No es un acaso que
Enrique Bunbury menciona lo mismo en una forma más moderna “ni dinero,
castillos, avales, talonarios”. La lista de Safo de cosas inútiles apreciadas por
los reyes y generales es una imagen de la antigüedad, pero la lista de Bunbury
es válida para todos los hombres ricos y pobres de espirito que viven en los días
de hoy. Repárese además que el título de la canción de Bunbury es “El Rescate”
y el poema de Safo refiere claramente que ninguna promesa de gloria o de bienes
materiales, ni siquiera la amenaza de guerra, sirvió para pagar el rescate más
famoso de la historia que fue el rapto de Helena de Troya. Una tercera similitud entre la canción rock y
el poema griego es que ambos tratan de amantes que están lejos y ausentes, Anactoria
en el caso de Safo y un arrebatador amor anónimo en el caso de Bunbury.
Poema-Fragmento 16 de Safo
“Hay quienes dicen que los hombres montados a
caballo,
o un ejército de soldados o una flota de naves,
son lo más hermoso sobre la tierra negra,
pero yo digo que es aquello de lo que una está
enamorada.
Es muy fácil que todos comprendan esto,
pues la bella Helena abandonó a su esposo,
el mejor de los príncipes, se fue navegando
hacia Troya,
y no se acordó de su hija ni de sus queridos
padres.
Ahora recuerdo a Anactoria que no está presente.
Yo quisiera ver su amable paso y el resplandor
radiante de su rostro
más que los carros de los lidios y los soldados
de armaduras relucientes.”
Pero la influencia sáfica no acaba aquí, porque
existe una cuarta característica de la canción de Bunbury inspirada muy
claramente en otro poema de Safo. Es muy difícil a un hombre admitir su debilidad,
pero Enrique confiesa que sus fuerzas le fallan al extremo “Las fuerzas me fallan,
mis piernas no responden”. La mayoría de las canciones y poemas masculinos
inciden sobre la belleza del cuerpo femenino o sobre la gran confianza del
hombre que es más bello, fuerte y seductor que los otros. Por lo tanto es muy
raro que Enrique – un hombre de éxito, admirado por el mundo, con una imagen de
cowboy y macho duro – hable que no tiene piernas ni fuerza. En verdad esa
vulnerabilidad extrema de Bunbury es algo muy bien capturado y de una expresión
femenina muy evidente. Nadie mejor que Safo expresó la palidez que le causa a
uno mirar la persona que se ama y perder la voz, la vista, y sentir las piernas
flaquear, con un pulso acelerado como si estuviésemos enfermos y a punto de morir.
Poema-Fragmento 31 de Safo
“Igual a los dioses se me parece
ese hombre que, sentado frente a ti,
de cerca escucha tu dulce voz y tu risa
adorable;
ello me ha dado un vuelco al corazón dentro del
pecho;
pues apenas te miro, ya hablar no me es posible
sino que mi lengua se quiebra, un leve
fuego al punto me corre bajo la piel,
nada pueden ver mis ojos, me zumban los oídos
me cubre el sudor, un temblor me posee toda,
me siento más pálida que la hierba
y a mí misma me parece que estoy cerca de morir.”
El poema-fragmento 31 es quizá el poema más
conocido de Safo y ha sido imitado por inmenso autores de diversas lenguas al
largo de los últimos siglos. La frase “Las fuerzas me fallan, mis piernas no
responden” tiene realmente una similitud enorme no solo con el poema original
de Safo, pero además con los poetas inspirados por esta, tal como el homenaje
de John Hollander al fragmento 31 de Safo “my tongue collapses, my legs flag”.
Enrique Bunbury es realmente un compositor de una
sensibilidad fabulosa, porque en 2500 años de poemas y canciones no hubo nadie a
capturar de forma más actual, tan linda y sensible estos sentimientos. La
poetisa griega es linda, porque al leer sus palabras siento una emoción absurda,
como si alguien que conociera me escribiera una carta enviada a
través de un océano y muchos siglos de
distancia. El cantante español es el más original de todos los poetas-cantantes
que alguna vez se han inspirado en Safo, una vez que su canción no es una copia
de sus poemas griegos. Los poemas de Safo son tan impecablemente hermosos, tan
poderosos y difíciles de mejorar, que mismo los mejores escritores han casi
copiado palabra por palabra los poemas originales, solamente restando una línea
o dos. Bunbury es el único que hizo su propia versión con una actualidad poderosísima
y una belleza increíbles. ¡Hasta creo que Safo diría que su discípulo masculino
logró cantar tan bien o mejor que el original! Aquí queda mi homenaje a mi canción
preferida del rock n’ roll español y a mi escritora preferida. Feliz Pascua.
Post scriptum:
Inmensas gracias a Enrique Bunbury por haber compartido el blog en su página oficial de Twitter, Instagram, GooglePlus y Facebook:
Post scriptum:
Inmensas gracias a Enrique Bunbury por haber compartido el blog en su página oficial de Twitter, Instagram, GooglePlus y Facebook:
Saturday, January 23, 2016
What did men first write about? Religion? Poetry? Or Finance?
If you answered Finance to the question then it was a smart choice! After my last post on the Financial Crisis of the Roman Empire in 33 AD many people asked me about when did such things as banks and financial companies start. Actually perhaps the weirdest thing is that Financial Services have been with us since the beginning of History or perhaps even since our earliest Proto-History. Historians often define the beginning of history with the invention of writing, since it allowed to register events and lives in a more accurate way. Objects such as weapons or tools exist for pre-historical times, but they only provide clues to how those men lived their lives and not about who they were, how they spoke, how they thought.
We tend to think the most ancient writings are religious works like the Bible (which started being written in the 7th century B.C.) or epic poems such as the Iliad and the Odyssey (which date from the 8th century B.C.). Some Hindu traditions claim their ancient writings like the Bhagavad Gita are more than 5000 years old, but modern historians think that the most ancient elements of the Gita come from the 8th or 9th centuries B.C. and that its final form was only completed from the 5th to 2nd centuries B.C. The Bible, the Iliad/Odyssey and the Bhagavad Gita do represent very old works which are still popular and widely read today. However, the most ancient writings are much less glamorous than stories of gods and heroes.
Writing appeared for the first time around 3100 BC in Ancient Sumeria or Mesopotamia, a region that is a part of modern Irak. As portrayed in the book by famous archaeologist Samuel Noah Kramer “History begins at Sumer”, the most ancient pieces of writing we have are about accounting and financial transactions, things such as how much was produced of each agricultural product, how much was stored and how much was traded. Ancient writers were basically doing basic accounting and registering loans such as “person A owes so much agricultural products to person B and this must be paid before date C”. The Sumerian stone tablet above from the Walters Art Museum registers a transfer of land and is one of the oldest examples of a phonetic writing system. Over time these writers added more signs to represent cities and gods in order to give a more sacred feeling to their financial contracts. In fact the first times religion is mentioned in writing it appears as sort of a financial penalty "the person who breaks the contract or does not pay will be cursed by god and demon so-so".
Perhaps some 400 or 500 years before writing appeared there was some form of proto-writing or pictograph drawings in Ancient Sumeria. And these pictograms were also about Accounting and Finance! Imagine the toy blocks that our children use before they know how to read. Some of these blocks may have the shapes of houses or of animals such as birds and cows, but children place them in a way that tells a story. In some sense the ancient business men had such a system before writing appeared! These men used small clay objects or tokens for counting agricultural and manufactured goods. But after a few centuries these ancient business men realized they could simply draw these images and clay objects were unnecessary, so pictographs replaced the clay tokens! Also, these business men found out it wasn’t necessary to draw an object or an animal such as a pig five times, since you could just draw one pig and then add five lines to mark it was the same object repeated as a certain numbers. And that was how math and arithmetic began. Writing appeared around 3100-3000 BC and it differs from pictographic proto-writing because it represents phonetic sounds and words instead of being a mere list of objects.
It is hard to know when Religion and Poetry started. Perhaps the oldest example of both comes from Sumerian mythology and the Epic of Gilgamesh, which is believed to have been written around 2000 BC. Above I show the image of a Babylonian table from 1800 BC with part of this epic, which is considered the oldest work of literature. It is the story of an abusive king Gilgamesh who overtaxes its people and molests the young women. Gilgamesh then finds a friend sent by the gods, Enkidu, and they live several adventures together. After Enkidu dies, Gilgamesh departs on a quest for Eternal Life. It is a fascinating story just like the Odyssey or the Genesis, therefore I will not spoil its reading with more details.
Well, I am an Economist and one who is interested in both financial topics and poetry. In fact many of the greatest poets and writers were merchants like Marco Polo or economists/accountants like Fernando Pessoa and Cavafy. Now how do I imagine that Religion and Poetry were born? I suppose one day an ancient Mesopotamian business man was tired of writing about properties, loans and finance. All these are valuable things, but ones that can be replaced. Then perhaps he thought about writing about things that cannot be counted and that are irreplaceable: the Sun, the Moon, the Constellations of Gods and Heroes. This bored business man then wrote of feelings such as love and friendship, which cannot be enforced by financial contracts. And that is how I imagine Religion and Poetry were born!
We tend to think the most ancient writings are religious works like the Bible (which started being written in the 7th century B.C.) or epic poems such as the Iliad and the Odyssey (which date from the 8th century B.C.). Some Hindu traditions claim their ancient writings like the Bhagavad Gita are more than 5000 years old, but modern historians think that the most ancient elements of the Gita come from the 8th or 9th centuries B.C. and that its final form was only completed from the 5th to 2nd centuries B.C. The Bible, the Iliad/Odyssey and the Bhagavad Gita do represent very old works which are still popular and widely read today. However, the most ancient writings are much less glamorous than stories of gods and heroes.
Writing appeared for the first time around 3100 BC in Ancient Sumeria or Mesopotamia, a region that is a part of modern Irak. As portrayed in the book by famous archaeologist Samuel Noah Kramer “History begins at Sumer”, the most ancient pieces of writing we have are about accounting and financial transactions, things such as how much was produced of each agricultural product, how much was stored and how much was traded. Ancient writers were basically doing basic accounting and registering loans such as “person A owes so much agricultural products to person B and this must be paid before date C”. The Sumerian stone tablet above from the Walters Art Museum registers a transfer of land and is one of the oldest examples of a phonetic writing system. Over time these writers added more signs to represent cities and gods in order to give a more sacred feeling to their financial contracts. In fact the first times religion is mentioned in writing it appears as sort of a financial penalty "the person who breaks the contract or does not pay will be cursed by god and demon so-so".
Perhaps some 400 or 500 years before writing appeared there was some form of proto-writing or pictograph drawings in Ancient Sumeria. And these pictograms were also about Accounting and Finance! Imagine the toy blocks that our children use before they know how to read. Some of these blocks may have the shapes of houses or of animals such as birds and cows, but children place them in a way that tells a story. In some sense the ancient business men had such a system before writing appeared! These men used small clay objects or tokens for counting agricultural and manufactured goods. But after a few centuries these ancient business men realized they could simply draw these images and clay objects were unnecessary, so pictographs replaced the clay tokens! Also, these business men found out it wasn’t necessary to draw an object or an animal such as a pig five times, since you could just draw one pig and then add five lines to mark it was the same object repeated as a certain numbers. And that was how math and arithmetic began. Writing appeared around 3100-3000 BC and it differs from pictographic proto-writing because it represents phonetic sounds and words instead of being a mere list of objects.
It is hard to know when Religion and Poetry started. Perhaps the oldest example of both comes from Sumerian mythology and the Epic of Gilgamesh, which is believed to have been written around 2000 BC. Above I show the image of a Babylonian table from 1800 BC with part of this epic, which is considered the oldest work of literature. It is the story of an abusive king Gilgamesh who overtaxes its people and molests the young women. Gilgamesh then finds a friend sent by the gods, Enkidu, and they live several adventures together. After Enkidu dies, Gilgamesh departs on a quest for Eternal Life. It is a fascinating story just like the Odyssey or the Genesis, therefore I will not spoil its reading with more details.
Well, I am an Economist and one who is interested in both financial topics and poetry. In fact many of the greatest poets and writers were merchants like Marco Polo or economists/accountants like Fernando Pessoa and Cavafy. Now how do I imagine that Religion and Poetry were born? I suppose one day an ancient Mesopotamian business man was tired of writing about properties, loans and finance. All these are valuable things, but ones that can be replaced. Then perhaps he thought about writing about things that cannot be counted and that are irreplaceable: the Sun, the Moon, the Constellations of Gods and Heroes. This bored business man then wrote of feelings such as love and friendship, which cannot be enforced by financial contracts. And that is how I imagine Religion and Poetry were born!
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